What is Aortic Valve Replacement (AVR)?
Aortic Valve Replacement (AVR) is a vital surgical procedure aimed at treating patients with a damaged or diseased aortic valve. The aortic valve plays a crucial role in regulating blood flow from the heart to the rest of the body. When this valve malfunctions due to conditions like narrowing (aortic stenosis) or leakage (aortic regurgitation), it can lead to serious cardiovascular issues. AVR helps restore normal blood flow and improves heart efficiency.
AVR is recommended for patients when the aortic valve fails to function effectively. Common conditions necessitating AVR include:
- Aortic Stenosis: A condition where the valve becomes stiff or narrowed, restricting blood flow.
- Aortic Regurgitation: A situation where the valve is leaky, allowing blood to flow backward into the heart.
- Symptoms Indicating the Need for AVR:
- Chest pain
- Shortness of breath
- Persistent fatigue
- Dizziness
- Heart failure or reduced heart function
The surgical procedure involves:
- Removal of the Damaged Valve: The surgeon removes the diseased aortic valve.
- Replacement Options: The valve is replaced with one of the following:
- Mechanical Valve: Made from durable synthetic materials.
- Biological Valve: Created from animal tissue, often bovine or porcine.
- Duration: The surgery typically lasts between 2 to 4 hours.
- Recovery Period:
- Hospital stay: Usually 5 to 7 days.
- Full recovery: Takes a few weeks at home with proper care and rehabilitation.
Aortic Valve Replacement is a widely performed and generally safe procedure with a high success rate. It offers significant improvements in symptoms and quality of life for patients dealing with severe valve-related heart problems. Like any major surgery, AVR carries risks, but advancements in medical techniques have minimized complications, making it a reliable treatment option for heart valve disorders.
